If you are not using a fuel pump or regulator (and most
people don’t), the carburetor jet should be at a location level with, or no
more than a quarter inch below, the centerline of the tank. This will give
the most consistent engine runs.
The Carburetor
Jet
For most engines, the carburetor jet is even with the needle valve. Some
carburetors have an offset, or even remote, needle, so let’s use the jet.
Look into the carburetor of your engine. There should be a tube down in the
throat running part or all the way across. If the tube runs all the way
across, the jet is on the bottom. This jet should be even with the center
of the tank. If the tank is too low, the engine will lean considerably
during flight. If it is too high, the engine will tend to flood easily and
run rich.
When the tank is properly located and the engine correctly set, the engine
should run slightly rich for the first minute or so. Then, it should run at
full power for the remainder of the flight.
Trainer Maladies
Take a look at your trainer or another airplane with the engine mounted
upright. I’ll bet the carburetor jet is at or near the top of the tank. If
this is the case, your engine will lean out considerably during the flight.
Muffler pressure helps some but still does not cure the problem. Raising
the tank is the only effective solution.
Upright Mounting
An upright mounted engine is the easiest to handle. The controls, low and
high speed needles, and the fuel nipple are in sight and easy to access. In
addition to being the easiest to handle, this is also the safest,
especially when you are just learning to fly. A hard landing usually
results in nothing more than a broken propeller and bruised ego.
Balanced against this is the fact that an upright engine is easy to flood.
Fuel can only run into the crankcase so you need to be careful of
over-choking before attempting to start. Also, if you do not unhook your
pressure line when you are filling your tank, the overflow goes into the
muffler. This excess fuel can run from the muffler into the cylinder,
causing flooding and a possible hydraulic lock during start.
Another possible detraction of upright mounting is many kits with upright
engines have the tank mounted very low. This results in lean runs. When you
are breaking in an engine and running it sloppy rich, this doesn’t matter
much. However, when you want the engine to scream, a low tank can mean a
lean setting at the end of the tank. In the worst case, this will result in
an overheated engine, a blown glow plug, or a possible engine seizure.